Small Automatic Voltage Stabilizer for TV / Fridge

 A voltage stabilizer is a device which is used to sense inappropriate voltage levels and correct them to produce a reasonably stable output at the output where the load is connected.
Here we will study the design of a simple automatic mains AC voltage stabilizer which can be applied for the above purpose.
How the Circuit Functions
Referring to the figure we find that the whole circuit is configured with the single op amp IC 741. It becomes the control section of the whole design.

The IC is wired as a comparator, we all know how well this mode suits the IC 741 and other op amps. It's two inputs are suitable rigged for the said operations.

Pin #2 of the IC is clamped to a reference level, created by the resistor R1 and the zener diode, while pin #3 is applied with the sample voltage from the transformer or the supply source. This voltage becomes the sensing voltage for the IC and is directly proportional to the varying AC input of our mains supply.

The preset is used to set the triggering point or the threshold point at which the voltage may be assumed to be dangerous or inappropriate. We will discuss this in the setting up procedure section.

The pin #6 which is the output of the IC, goes high as soon as pin #3 reaches the set point and activates the transistor/relay stage.

In case the the mains voltage crosses a predetermined threshold, the ICs non inverting detects it and its output immediately goes high, switching ON the transistor and the relay for the desired actions.

The relay, which is a DPDT type of relay, has its contacts wired up to a transformer, which is an ordinary transformer modified to perform the function of a stabilizer transformer.

It’s primary and secondary windings are interconnected in such a manner that through appropriate switching of its taps, the transformer is able to add or deduct a certain magnitude of AC mains voltage and produce the resultant to the output connected load.

The relay contacts are appropriately integrated to the transformer taps for executing the above actions as per the commands given by the op amp output.

So if the input AC voltage tends to increase a set threshold value, the transformer deducts some voltage and tries to stop the voltage from reaching dangerous levels and vice versa during low voltage situations.

You will require the following components to make this homemade automatic mains voltage stabilizer circuit:

Parts List for the CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

R1, R2 = 10K,
R3 = 470K,
C1 = 1000 uF / 25 V
D1, D2 = 1N4007,
T1 = BC547,
TR1 = 0 – 12 V, 500 mA,
TR2 = 9 – 0 – 9 V, 5 Amp,
IC1 = 741,
Z1, Z2 = 4.7V/400mW
Relay = DPDT, 12 V, 200 or more Ohms,

How to Set Up the Circuit

The circuit may be set up with the following steps:

Initially do not connect the transformers to the circuit.

Using a variable power supply, power the circuit across C1, the positive goes to the terminal of R1 while the negative goes to the line of D2’s cathode.

Set the voltage to about 12.5 voltage and adjust the preset so that the output of the IC just becomes high and triggers the relay.

Now lowering the voltage to about 12 volts should make the op amp trip the relay to its original state or make it de-energized.

Repeat and check the relay action by altering the voltage from 12 to 13 volts, which should make the relay flip flop correspondingly.

Your setting up procedure is over.

Now you may connect both the transformer to its appropriate positions with the circuit.
Your simple home made mains voltage stabilizer circuit is ready.
When installed, the relay trips whenever the input voltage crosses 230 volts, bringing the output to 218 volts and keeps this distance continuously as the voltage reaches higher levels.
When the voltage drops back to 225, the relay gets de-energized pulling the voltage to 238 volts and maintains the difference as the voltage further goes down.

The above action keeps the output to the appliance well between 200 to 250 volts with fluctuations ranging from 180 to 265 volts.